Hi,
Unfortunately it will be bit hard to to do that, but I think it should be possible to recreate database back. You will just need to dedicate some time and care and do not speed things up. It is done what was done and not worth to be sorry about that, now you will learn more about MM and it will help you later.
First, how much of tracks and playlists we are talking about?
I guess once you remove teh folder you re-scanned it back in MM which unfortunately told MM to treat them as new tracks not as restored. Thus the empty playlists as MM when you remove tracks from library it also remove reference to those tracks in playlists.
As a First remedy you can try to edit you phone sync profile and and tell it to sync all the info and tracks from device back to MM. That should ask you to sync back the playlists, but it will most likely create duplicate tracks in library as like pointed above MM treat them as two separate tracks (old and new).
If that succeed, please let me know and we will do next steps.
Lastly, but most important thing check if you have backup of MM.DB before you deleted main folder as it will contain playlists. If not make backup before you do anything.
Path to library you can find here
https://www.mediamonkey.com/support/kno ... ini-files/